Charlottesville – Desegregation of Virginia Education (DOVE)

March 12, 2019

Virginia Council on Human Relations. Charlottesville-Albemarle Chapter

Virginia Council on Human Relations. Charlottesville-Albemarle Chapter

Creator	Virginia Council on Human Relations. Charlottesville-Albemarle Chapter
Description	Correspondence, minutes, speeches, bylaws, financial records, membership lists, surveys, newsletters, and clippings, relating chiefly to desegregation of public schools, fair housing, and equal employment opportunity, and also to Homeward Bound for returning Vietnam veterans, voter registration, school curricula reform, and prison reform. Includes correspondence, minutes, bylaws, financial statements, press releases, and publications of the State board of directors and executive committee; and material from Virginia Equal Employment Opportunity Committee, Southern Regional Council, Citizens for Superior Albemarle Schools, PTA, NAACP, Anti-Defamation League, and President’s Committee on Equal Employment. Correspondents include Harry F. Byrd, Sr., Lyndon B. Johnson, Thurgood Marshall, A. Willis Robertson, and Howard W. Smith.
Call number	MS 81-386
Date from	1955
Date to	1970
Geographic school	Charlottesville, Albemarle County
Size	3200 items
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	University of Virginia Library, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library
Repository address	P.O. Box 400110, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4110
Repository contact name	Nicole Bouch
Repository contact title	Director, Special Collections
Repository contact email	nlb3d@virginia.edu
Repository contact phone	(434) 243-1776
DoveRegion	region7
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o African Americans–Segregation o Public schools o Race relations o School children o School closings o School integration o School integration–Massive Resistance movement o Segregation in education o Virginia Equal Employment Opportunity Committee o Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993 o Parents’ and teachers’ associations o National Association for the Advancement of Colored People o B’nai B’rith. Anti-defamation League o Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973
Types	o Clippings o Correspondence o Legal documents

October 23, 2018

Thomas Johnson Michie papers (1896-1973)

Thomas Johnson Michie papers (1896-1973)

Creator	Michie, Thomas Johnson (1896-1973)
Description	Lawyer, judge, businessman, and mayor of Charlottesville, Va. Correspondence, and other business, military, personal, and political papers, his appointment as district judge of the Western District of Virginia, and Virginia Straight Democratic Committee (1960). Includes correspondence relating to Charlottesville City Council correspondence relating to civic improvement, annexation and zoning, school desegregation, and public housing.
Call number	MS 77-1236
Date from	1917
Date to	1967
Geographic school	Charlottesville, VA
Size	ca. 6000 items
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	University of Virginia Library, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library
Repository address	P.O. Box 400110, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4110
Repository contact name	Nicole Bouch
Repository contact title	Director, Special Collections
Repository contact email	nlb3d@virginia.edu
Repository contact phone	(434) 243-1776
DoveRegion	region7
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o African Americans–Segregation o Public schools o Race relations o School children o School integration o Charlottesville (Va.) City Council o District courts–Virginia o Public schools–Virginia–Charlottesville o Public schools–Virginia–Albemarle County o Michie, Thomas Johnson, 1896-1973
Types	o Correspondence o Legal documents

October 23, 2018

Papers of Judge John Paul 1930-1964

Papers of Judge John Paul 1930-1964

Creator	Judge John Paul
Description	Judge John Paul who was the district court judge who ruled that the Charlottesville schools had to reopen with a plan of integration. He was also involved in the Warren County school cases. In these files we have Paul’s correspondence with attorneys such as Oliver Hill, Spottswood W. Robinson III, John S. Battle, and Lindsay Almond as well as court motions, orders etc.
Call number	Mss 81-7
Date from	1930
Date to	1964
Geographic school	Charlottesville, Warren County, VA
Size	unknown
Access restrictions yes/no	no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	University of Virginia Law Library
Repository address	Arthur J. Morris Law Library, 580 Massie Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903
Repository contact name	Cecilia Brown
Repository contact title	Special Collections and Archives Assistant
Repository contact email	lawlibref@virginia.edu
Repository contact phone	(434) 924-3023
DoveRegion	region7
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o African Americans–Segregation o Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986 o Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972 o Public schools o Race relations o School closings o School integration o Paul, John, 1883-1964 o Hill, Oliver W., 1907-2007 o Robinson, Spottswood W, 1916-1998. o Public schools–Virginia–Warren County
Types	o Correspondence o Legal documents

August 30, 2018

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division, Civil Action Case #102- Karol Williams, et al vs. the School Board of the City of Charlottesville, the County School Board of Albemarle County, et al

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division, Civil Action Case #102- Karol Williams, et al vs. the School Board of the City of Charlottesville, the County School Board of Albemarle County, et als

Creator	USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division
Description	In 1950, the City of Charlottesville used public funds to purchase land in which to construct what became Burley High school. Burley had a wholly African-American student body and faculty, up to and including the principle. Burley was unique in that it was the only school to be jointly funded and generally under the jurisdiction of the City of Charlottesville and the County of Albemarle. Upon graduating from elementary schools, City and County black children alike were regularly assigned to this institution, whereas their white counterparts found themselves assigned to high schools controlled and funded by their original, respective jurisdictions, solely. Setting aside the issue of dual race educational systems, it was seen that the joint Charlottesville-Albemarle venture posed serious difficulties and imposed barriers on its students not experienced likewise by other, normal, schools. In January of 1963, the school boards of each district separately, yet cooperatively approved measures to construct a new facility on the Burley High property for the schooling of entirely black junior high students. The plaintiffs argued that if carried out, the construction project would “considerably delay and for a long time prevent compliance with the mandate of the 14th Amendment-.that local school authorities take steps to end racial discrimination in the assignment of children to public schools.” As a result of Edward W. Rushton, Division Superintendent of Schools of the City of Charlottesville, saying that the City had resolved to discontinue its participation in the Burley High School at the close of the 1966-67 year, the Court deemed it appropriate to dismiss the case. There was no objection by the counsel for the plaintiff.
Call number	Civil Action Case #102
Date from	1963
Date to	1965
Geographic school	Charlottesville, Albemarle County
Size	unknown
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	NARA Mid-Atlantic Region
Repository address	14700 Townsend Road, Philadelphia, PA 19154-1096
Repository contact name	David Weber
Repository contact title	Director, Records Management Program
Repository contact email	philadelphia.reference@nara.gov
Repository contact phone	(215) 305-2000
DoveRegion	(outside of Virginia)
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o African Americans–Segregation o Public schools o Race relations o School children o Segregation in education
Types	o Clippings o Correspondence o Legal documents

August 9, 2018August 9, 2018

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Lynchburg Division, Civil Action Case #66-C-10-L-Sweet Briar Institute vs. Button et al

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Lynchburg Division, Civil Action Case #66-C-10-L-Sweet Briar Institute vs. Button et al

Creator	USDC, Western District of Virginia, Lynchburg Division
Description	In 1966, Sweet Briar Institute, a women’s college founded in 1901 in Amherst, Virginia, matriculated its first African-American student. The Attorney General of the State of Virginia and the Commonwealth Attorney for Amherst County Virginia filed an injunction against Sweet Briar Institute, claiming that the Institute was in violation of the Will of Indiana Fletcher Williams. The Will, probated in 1901, bequeathed the land for the establishment of Sweet Briar Institute on the condition that only white females be admitted as students. In April 1966, Sweet Briar Institute filed suit in the Amherst County Court and in the U.S. District Court in Lynchburg asking that a restraining order against the state injunction be issued. Sweet Briar argued that the State and County’s enforcement of the racially restrictive provisions of the Will was harmful to Sweet Briar’s ability to attract top-quality faculty and students to the college and to receive federal education grants. The District Court promptly issued the restraining order. The defendants appealed the restraining order and asked that the case be heard before a three-judge panel. In July 1966 the case was argued before the three-judge panel in Charlottesville. The plaintiffs asked the panel to uphold the district court’s restraining order. The defendants requested that as long as the case was still pending in the Amherst County Court that the Federal court abstain from ruling on the restraining order until the county case was concluded. In December 1966, the three-judge panel ruled against Sweet Briar Institute by deciding to abstain from intervening against the injunction filed by the State of Virginia and Amherst County against Sweet Briar Institute. Sweet Briar Institute appealed this ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court, which, in May 1967 overturned the decision of the three-judge panel and ordered that the District Court’s restraining order against the State of Virginia and Amherst County be enforced; which was done by the District Court in July 1967.
Call number	Civil Action Case #66-C-10-L
Date from	1966
Date to	1967
Geographic school	Amherst, VA
Size	unknown
Access restrictions yes/no	no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no	no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	NARA Mid-Atlantic Region
Repository address	14700 Townsend Road, Philadelphia, PA 19154-1096
Repository contact name	David Weber
Repository contact title	Director, Records Management Program
Repository contact email	philadelphia.reference@nara.gov
Repository contact phone	(215) 305-2000
DoveRegion	(outside of Virginia)
Subjects	o African American students o Private schools o School integration o Segregation in higher education o United States. Supreme Court o Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals o Sweet Briar College o Wills–Virginia–Amherst County o District courts–Virginia
Types	Legal documents

August 9, 2018August 9, 2018

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville, Civil Action Case #30: Gregory Hayes Swanson v. The Rector and the Visitors of the University of Virginia

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville, Civil Action Case #30: Gregory Hayes Swanson v. The Rector and the Visitors of the University of Virginia

Creator	USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville
Description	In the summer of 1950, an African American lawyer named Gregory Swanson applied to take additional graduate courses at the University of Virginia’s Law School. Swanson had graduated from the Howard Law School and was seeking to take graduate courses at the University of Virginia. However, when Swanson applied to the school, his application was denied because of his race. At the time, Virginia’s higher education segregation laws did not permit African Americans from entering a white school. As a result, Swanson “with the help of Thurgood Marshall and Charles Houston” took the case to the Western District Court of Virginia. During the Court’s proceedings, Swanson pointed out that he would have been accepted to the school had he been a white with the same qualifications. During the trial, Swanson told the court that he was merely trying to exercise his legal right to freedom of discrimination. While the segregation laws of Virginia were designed to prevent blacks from entering schools of higher education, the laws clearly had a bigger enemy than Swanson: the United States Constitution. The 14th Amendment states that, “No state can make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.” Furthermore, Swanson’s legal team brought to light two other desegregation cases in their arguments. Pearson v. Murray stated that the state cannot undertake the function of education in law, and that no person may be omitted from education because of skin color. The case also stated that students must be offered equal treatment and be admitted to the school provided. The second case, “Sweatt v. Painter”, took place in Texas. The court’s ruling backed Swanson’s argument by saying that “We hold that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School.” In reaching the final decision, the three US Circuit judges agreed that Swanson was denied entry in to the University of Virginia Law School solely because he was a member of the “Negro Race”. The judges went on to say that Swanson possessed all of the scholastic and moral qualifications necessary for him to be accepted into the Law School. By use of the 14th Amendment, Swanson and his legal team were able to break down the race barriers that were designed to keep African-Americans out of Virginia higher educational facilities. This landmark decision by the Western District of Virginia successfully concluded that no person could be held back from a higher education exclusively because of their race or skin color.
Call number	Civil Action Case #30
Date from	1950
Date to	1960
Geographic school	Charlottesville, VA
Size	unknown
Access restrictions yes/no	no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	NARA Mid-Atlantic Region
Repository address	14700 Townsend Road, Philadelphia, PA 19154-1096
Repository contact name	David Weber
Repository contact title	Director, Records Management Program
Repository contact email	philadelphia.reference@nara.gov
Repository contact phone	(215) 305-2000
DoveRegion	(outside of Virginia)
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o African Americans–Segregation o Public schools o Segregation in higher education o District courts–Virginia o Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993 o Houston, Charles Hamilton, 1895-1950 o University of Virginia. School of Law o University of Texas. School of Law o Howard University. School of Law
Types	Legal documents

August 6, 2018August 28, 2018

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division, Civil Action Case #103- James S. Buckner, JR., et al vs. the County School Board Greene County, Virginia, et al

USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division, Civil Action Case #103- James S. Buckner, JR., et al vs. the County School Board Greene County, Virginia, et al

Creator	USDC, Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division
Description	In an April 1963 suit, the parents of several black school children residing in Greene County, VA brought suit against the County School Board. The parents suit revolved around the fact that their children had been assigned(and had their transfer requests denied) to Burley High School in Charlottesville, along with all other black elementary school graduates, while their white counterparts were assigned to William Monroe High School located in Greene County. The case was quickly dismissed after the Commonwealth’s Pupil Placement Board suggested that it had placed all of the plaintiffs in the case in the schools that they desired with the exception of those who had not adequately filled out the necessary paperwork for transfer. The plaintiffs appealed the case to the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals a year later on the following merits: 1) Some African American students were voluntarily still attending Burley High School in Charlottesville, despite it not being compulsory. The plaintiffs believed that said students would be forced to attend the single high school in Greene County, William Monroe. 2) There was a continuation of segregation in school busing in that not a single black student shared a bus with a single white student. 3) The continued voluntary separation of the races in the elementary schools of the County. It was determined that the Greene County School Board was in full compliance with the law and had been cooperative throughout the case; the injunction sought by the plaintiffs was denied.
Call number	Civil Action Case #103
Date from	1963
Date to	1966
Geographic school	Greene County, VA
Size	unknown
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository	NARA Mid-Atlantic Region
Repository address	14700 Townsend Road, Philadelphia, PA 19154-1096
Repository contact name	David Weber
Repository contact title	Director, Records Management Program
Repository contact email	philadelphia.reference@nara.gov
Repository contact phone	(215) 305-2000
DoveRegion	(outside of Virginia)
Subjects	o African American students o African Americans–Civil rights o Busing for school integration o High school students o Public schools o School integration o Segregation in education o Public schools–Virginia–Charlottesville o Virginia. Pupil Placement Board o United States. Court of Appeals (4th Circuit)
Types	o Correspondence o Legal documents

Tag: Charlottesville

Anna Holden papers