Tag: Massive Resistance

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Voices of Freedom collection 

Voices of Freedom collection 

Creator Virginia Commonwealth University. Special Collections and Archives
Description This collection contains oral histories involving various subjects with the Civil Rights Movement.
Call number
Date from 2002
Date to 2003
Geographic school Virgina
Size 11 videocassettes; 11 RealMedia files; 11 transcripts; 11 photographs
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm4/index_voices.php?CISOROOT=/voices
Repository Virginia Commonwealth University Special Collections and Archives
Repository address James Branch Cabell Library, Special Collections and Archives, 901 Park Avenue, P.O. Box 842033, Richmond, VA 23284-2033
Repository contact name Wesley Chenault
Repository contact title
Repository contact email libjbcsca@vcu.edu
Repository contact phone (804) 828-1108
DoveRegion region5
Subjects o    African American churches

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    Civil rights movements

o    King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Segregation in education

o    Prince Edward County (Va.). County School Board–Trials, litigation, etc.

o    Southern Christian Leadership Conference

o    Topeka (Kan.). Board of Education–Trials, litigation, etc.

o    Voter registration
Types o    Interviews

o    Transcripts

o    Video recordings
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Television news of the civil rights era 

Television news of the civil rights era 

Creator University of Virginia
Description News of the Civil Rights Era, 1950-1970, is a digitization project that aims to collect, digitize, and present in streaming video format over the World Wide Web television news footage from the Civil Rights Era.
Call number
Date from 1950
Date to 1970
Geographic school Virginia
Size circa 230 digitized video recordings; transcripts; manuscripts
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/civilrightstv/
Repository Virginia Center for Digital History
Repository address Taylor Room, Alderman Library, P.O. Box 400116, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4116
Repository contact name Scot French
Repository contact title
Repository contact email saf5g@virginia.edu
Repository contact phone (434) 924-4777
DoveRegion region7
Subjects o    Civil rights movements

o    Civil rights movements–Southern States

o    Civil rights movements–Press coverage

o    Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963

o    King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

o    Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994

o    Roanoke River Valley (Va. and N.C.)

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Virginia–Politics and government

o    Television broadcasting
Types o    Interviews

o    Manuscripts

o    Sound recordings

o    Transcripts
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Wyatt, Landon Russell papers (1891-1971)

Wyatt, Landon Russell papers (1891-1971)

Creator Wyatt, Landon Russell (1891-1971)
Description State senator and business executive, of Danville, Va. Chiefly topical and election correspondence (primarily 1950-70), speeches, and printed material, relating to Virginia budget, Gray Commission on Massive Resistance, and the Virginia Tobacco Tax Commission. Includes some papers from Wyatt’s career as chairman of the board of trustees of Averett College, Danville, Va.. Correspondents include Watkins Moorman Abbitt, John Stewart Battle, Harry Flood Byrd, Harry Flood Byrd, Jr., Mills Edwin Godwin, Thomas Marshall Hahn, Albertis Sydney Harrison, Absolam Willis Robertson, William Belser Spong, William Munford Tuck, and George Corley Wallace.
Call number MS 72-1822
Date from 1935
Date to 1970
Geographic school Virginia
Size 2 ft. (1981 items)
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository UNLV Department of Special Collections
Repository address Box 457010, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-7010
Repository contact name University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Special Collections
Repository contact title Director, Special Collections
Repository contact email
Repository contact phone (702) 895-2234
DoveRegion (outside of Virginia)
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    Battle, John Stewart, 1890-1972

o    Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999

o    Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney), 1907-1995

o    Public schools

o    School children

o    School closings

o    School integration

o    Virginia. General Assembly

o    Wyatt, Landon Russell, 1891-1971

o    Tuck, William M. (William Munford), 1896-1983

o    Byrd, Harry F. (Harry Flood), 1887-1966

o    Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013

o    Hahn, T. Marshall (Thomas Marshall), 1926-

o    Robertson, A. Willis

o    Spong, William B. (William Belser), 1920-1997
Types o    Correspondence

o    Legal documents
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Locked out: the fall of massive resistance

Locked out: the fall of massive resistance

Creator Community Idea Stations (WCVE-PBS Richmond)
Description This collection includes 20 to 22 video recordings of about an hour long that were used for the documentary ‘Locked Out’ on school desegregation and massive resistance in Virginia.
Call number
Date from 2009
Date to
Geographic school Virginia
Size 20-22 video recordings
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/LOCKED+OUT+THE+FALL+OF+MASSIVE+RESISTANCE
Repository The Community Idea Stations
Repository address 23 Sesame Street, North Chesterfield, VA 23235
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Community Idea Stations
Repository contact email http://ideastations.org/contact-form
Repository contact phone (804) 560-8121
DoveRegion region5
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans

o    Civil rights movements

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    School integration

o    Topeka (Kan.). Board of Education–Trials, litigation, etc.

o    Virginia–Politics and government
Types o    Interviews

o    Video recordings
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WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Neal Strozier commenting on a public address by Virginal governor J. Lindsay Almond in Richmond, Virginia and on the recent integration of the previously all-white schools in Arlington County and Norfolk, Virginia, 1959 Fe

WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Neal Strozier commenting on a public address by Virginal governor J. Lindsay Almond in Richmond, Virginia and on the recent integration of the previously all-white schools in Arlington County and Norfolk, Virginia, 1959 Fe

Creator WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)
Description Reporter: Strozier, Neal. In this WSB newsfilm clip from February 7, 1959, correspondent Neal Strozier speaking from Arlington County, Virginia, comments on the recent integration of the all-white schools in Arlington County and Norfolk, as well as a public address by governor J. Lindsay Almond in Richmond, Virginia. The clip begins with Strozier standing in front of Stratford Junior High School in Arlington County, Virginia as people enter the school. According to Strozier, twenty-one African American students began attending seven previously all-white schools in Norfolk and Arlington County, Virginia earlier that week. He reports that all seven of the schools are maintaining security precautions. While he speaks, the camera shows a uniformed policeman outside the school. The clip breaks and then shows Strozier again, this time standing in front of the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond. While he speaks, the camera focuses on flags flying above the capitol building and on the legislative chamber and people inside it. Strozier commends the state for its “grace and dignity” during integration. He mentions a public address by governor J. Lindsay Almond on January 28 in which the governor “rejected extremist demands for obstruction at all cost.” For a few moments the clip shows Almond’s January 28 speech. Strozier begins speaking again; while he speaks, the camera returns to Stratford Junior High School in Arlington, Virginia. A policeman stands behind a “No trespassing” sign, and young women in winter clothing carry books and walk past reporters toward the school. African American students, three boys and one girl, get out of a car; the driver makes an adjustment before closing the door. Later the camera shows a Norfolk school where one African American student sits in a classroom with white students as the teacher walks back and forth in front of the classroom. Strozier, speaking again of Almond’s January 28th speech, relays the governor’s call for observance of federal law and for “keeping with Virginia’s tradition of peace and order.” Strozier confirms that local authorities in Arlington County have “shown every determination to keep peace and order” and that there white students are starting to accept their new African American peers. He also reports that schools in Norfolk, which had been closed for half a year to prevent integration are now attended by both white and African American students. While not every student has returned, he notes that those who are in school seem more interested in resuming their education than in the fact of integration. As the camera pans back to focus on Strozier, he states that police in Norfolk and in Arlington are prepared for racial incidents and praises the restraint shown in the communities. The clip audio breaks for a moment, after which Strozier comments that state and local officials surrendered “gracefully” after fighting to the end. He also notes that the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) “has refrained from actively pushing integration further south in Virginia where feeling might have run higher.” He explains that both the African American community and white officials want to avoid the rioting and tension that occurred during the 1957 desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. The first lawsuit for school integration in Virginia was filed in 1951 in Prince Edward County. The case was eventually incorporated into the 1954 United States Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled against segregation in public education. State officials in Virginia, led by United States senator Harry Byrd, organized a plan of “massive resistance” by passing laws designed to prevent desegregation, including closing schools facing desegregation and providing tuition grants to private schools for displaced white students. In the fall of 1958, schools in Norfolk, Charlottesville, and Warren County, Virginia, were closed after the courts ordered the
Call number
Date from 1959 February 07
Date to 1959 February 07
Geographic school Arlington County and Norfolk, VA
Size 1 clip (about 2 min.)
Access restrictions yes/no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL
Repository The Civil Rights Digital Library
Repository address University of Georgia Libraries, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-1641
Repository contact name Dr. P. Toby Graham
Repository contact title Director, Digital Library of Georgia
Repository contact email tgraham@uga.edu
Repository contact phone (706) 583-0213
DoveRegion (outside of Virginia)
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986

o    Public schools

o    Race relations

o    School children

o    School closings

o    School integration

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Strozier, Neal

o    National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

o    Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)

o    Public schools–Virginia–Arlington

o    Public schools–Virginia–Norfolk
Types Broadcast-Television-News
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Massive Resistance-Printed materials 

Massive Resistance-Printed materials 

Creator unknown
Description Consists of regional and national newspaper clippings covering the “Massive Resistance” movement and public reaction to the desegregation and subsequent closing of some of Norfolk’s public schools. Also discussed are state and local politicians such as Governor Lindsay Almond, Jr., who ordered the closing the Norfolk schools that enrolled African American students, and Mayor William Fred Duckworth, who opposed de-segregating the public schools. Some of the clippings discuss the fate of those students whose graduation was put in jeopardy by the school closing, known as “The Lost Class of ’59.”
Call number MG 98
Date from 1958
Date to 1960
Geographic school Virginia; Norfolk, VA
Size 2 Hollinger document cases
Access restrictions yes/no no
Access restrictions The collection is open to researchers with no restrictions. Information on literary property rights should be directed to the Special Collections Librarian.
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.lib.odu.edu/specialcollections/manuscripts/index.htm
Repository Old Dominion University, Special Collections and University Archives
Repository address Patricia W. & J. Douglas Perry Library, Norfolk, VA 23529-0256
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Special Collections Librarian and University Archivist
Repository contact email libspecialcollections@odu.edu
Repository contact phone (757) 683-4483
DoveRegion region3
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    African Americans–Segregation

o    Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986

o    Public schools

o    Race relations

o    School children

o    School closings

o    School integration

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Virginia. Pupil Placement Board

o    Duckworth, William Frederick

o    Public schools–Virginia–Norfolk
Types Clippings
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School Desegregation in Norfolk, Virginia 

School Desegregation in Norfolk, Virginia 

Creator Old Dominion University Libraries
Description This digital collection relates to Massive Resistance and school desegregation in Norfolk, Virginia. Included are selected documents from the following collections: Women’s Council for Interracial Cooperation, ODU Oral History Collection, Margaret White Papers, Forrest P. White Papers, A.E.S. Stephens Papers, Paul T. Schweitzer Papers, Henry E. Howell, Jr. Papers and Archie L. Boswell Papers. These collections document the activities of the Norfolk School Board, the Norfolk Committee on Public Schools, an attorney representing the plaintiffs in the lawsuits initiated to reopen the schools, and a teacher. A Timeline of events and an extensive list of Resources included. While the majority of the collections concern the events of the school closings in Norfolk, many also contain information on Virginia’s reaction to the Supreme Court’s decision as a whole. It is important to note that these collections primarily represent the reactions of the white community in Norfolk.
Call number MG 98
Date from 1954
Date to 1954
Geographic school Virginia; Norfolk, VA
Size approximately 3000 documents
Access restrictions yes/no no
Access restrictions Open to researchers without restrictions. Questions on copyrights should be directed to the University Counsel.
Part Of larger collection yes/no no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.lib.odu.edu/specialcollections/schooldesegregation/index.htm
Repository Old Dominion University, Special Collections and University Archives
Repository address Patricia W. & J. Douglas Perry Library, Norfolk, VA 23529-0256
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Special Collections Librarian and University Archivist
Repository contact email libspecialcollections@odu.edu
Repository contact phone (757) 683-4483
DoveRegion region3
Subjects o    School closings

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Segregation in education

o    Public schools–Virginia–Norfolk
Types o    Correspondence

o    Legal documents
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Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation 

Norfolk Public Schools Desegregation 

Creator Norfolk Public Schools
Description This collection primarily contains material related to the integration of the Norfolk public schools. The papers include correspondence, court cases, school board resolutions, inter-district memorandum, press releases, reports, news clippings and district maps. Subjects covered are the 1958 school closing to prevent integration, integration progress in the 1960s, busing to achieve integration in the 1970s and the end of busing in the mid-1980s. Among the most important historical materials is correspondence between Governor Lindsay Almond and the School Administration, beginning with the letter ordering the closing of six Norfolk schools in as mandated by the “Massive Resistance” law. Other letters during this time period discuss allowing groups to meet in those schools as long as the schools would not be used for educational purposes. The donated material also includes school directories from 1922-1990 and school calendars from 1952-2008.
Call number MG 92
Date from 1922
Date to 2008
Geographic school Norfolk, VA
Size 34 Hollinger Document Cases; 2 oversized Hollinger boxes
Access restrictions yes/no yes
Access restrictions To access this collection, researchers must first sign a non-disclosure statement in order to protect confidential information. Questions on literary property rights should be directed to the Special Collections Librarian.
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.lib.odu.edu/specialcollections/manuscripts/nps.htm
Repository Old Dominion University, Special Collections and University Archives
Repository address Patricia W. & J. Douglas Perry Library, Norfolk, VA 23529-0256
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Special Collections Librarian and University Archivist
Repository contact email libspecialcollections@odu.edu
Repository contact phone (757) 683-4483
DoveRegion region3
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    African Americans–Segregation

o    Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay), 1898-1986

o    Busing for school integration

o    Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999

o    Public schools

o    Race relations

o    School children

o    Virginia. Pupil Placement Board
Types o    Clippings

o    Correspondence

o    Legal documents
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Norfolk Women’s Oral history 

Norfolk Women’s Oral history 

Creator ODU History 495/595 Students
Description The 8 interviews included in this collection were conducted for the Old Dominion University History course 495/595: “Recapturing Women’s History: Local and National,” taught by Dr. Dorothy Johnson in the Fall of 1982. Each interview includes a brief biographical sketch of the person interviewed and a typed transcript. Related to women involved with religion (Mueller, Park ), medicine (Hill, Morris), education (James, White), and the Girl Scout Movement in Norfolk (Harris, Ogg). Some of these relate to Massive Resistance in Norfolk and the Norfolk School closings, these include Ruth James and Edith White.
Call number none
Date from 1982
Date to 1982
Geographic school Norfolk, VA
Size 8 interviews
Access restrictions yes/no no
Access restrictions
Part Of larger collection yes/no no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.lib.odu.edu/specialcollections/oralhistory/womenhistory/
Repository Old Dominion University, Special Collections and University Archives
Repository address Patricia W. & J. Douglas Perry Library, Norfolk, VA 23529-0256
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Special Collections Librarian and University Archivist
Repository contact email libspecialcollections@odu.edu
Repository contact phone (757) 683-4483
DoveRegion region3
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    African Americans–Segregation

o    Public schools

o    Race relations

o    School children

o    School closings

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Segregation in education

o    James, Ruth Pendleton

o    White, Edith R.

o    Women’s Council for Interracial Cooperation
Types Oral History
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Schweitzer, Paul T. 

Schweitzer, Paul T. 

Creator Schweitzer, Paul T.
Description Norfolk businessman and member of the Norfolk School Board (1952-1960) and City Council (1960-1968) during the Massive Resistance crisis. Includes correspondence, legal documents, newspapers clippings, scrapbooks and photographs that primarily document his activities during Norfolk’s desegregation crisis.
Call number MG 16
Date from 1903
Date to 1976
Geographic school Norfolk, VA
Size Three Hollinger Documents Cases and One Hollinger Drop-Front Print Box
Access restrictions yes/no no
Access restrictions Open to researchers without restrictions. Questions on literary property rights should be directed to the Special Collections Librarian.
Part Of larger collection yes/no
Larger collection title
URL http://www.lib.odu.edu/specialcollections/manuscripts/schweitzer.htm
Repository Old Dominion University, Special Collections and University Archives
Repository address Patricia W. & J. Douglas Perry Library, Norfolk, VA 23529-0256
Repository contact name
Repository contact title Special Collections Librarian and University Archivist
Repository contact email libspecialcollections@odu.edu
Repository contact phone (757) 683-4483
DoveRegion region3
Subjects o    African American students

o    African Americans–Civil rights

o    African Americans–Segregation

o    Public schools

o    Race relations

o    School children

o    School closings

o    School integration

o    School integration–Massive resistance movement

o    Segregation in education

o    Norfolk (Va.) School Board

o    Norfolk (Va.) City Council

o    Schweitzer, Paul T., 1903-1976
Types o    Clippings

o    Correspondence

o    Legal documents